{"id":174,"date":"2023-07-03T08:20:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-03T08:20:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dars-ishlanma.uz\/?p=174"},"modified":"2024-06-25T08:56:40","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T03:56:40","slug":"delphi-7-dasturlash-muhitida-kalkulyator-dasturini-tayyorlash","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dars-ishlanma.uz\/ru\/delphi-7-dasturlash-muhitida-kalkulyator-dasturini-tayyorlash\/","title":{"rendered":"DELPHI 7 DASTURLASH MUHITIDA KALKULYATOR DASTURINI TAYYORLASH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dastur interfeysini yaratish.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Delphi 7 dasturlash muhitida ilova dastur yaratishdan avval uning interfeysini tassavur qilib olamiz. Hozirgi misol uchun bu muhim emas, sababi kalkulyator interfeysini windowsning standart dasturi hisoblangan kalkulyatorga o\u2019xshatib olamiz. Buning uchun ilova oynasini kerakli o\u2019lchamga keltirib olamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Bu ishni Obyekt inspektori orqali amalga oshirish mumkin. Obyekt inspektorida odatda tanlangan obyektning xususiyatlari tanlanadi (o\u2019zgartiriladi). Form1 xususiyatlari ichidan Height (oyna bo\u2019yi)ni 325 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz, Width (oyan eni)ni 227 ga o\u2019zgartiramiz natijada quyidagi 1-rasmdagi ko\u2019rinishga erishamiz. Bu o\u2019lchamlarni visual holatda sichqoncha yordamida ham amalga oshirish mumkin. Buning uchun sichqonchani ilova oynasi chetki qismiga olib kelamiz, sichqoncha ko\u2019rsatgichi ↔ ko\u2019rinishga o\u2019zgaradi. Shu holda sichqoncha chap tugmasini bosib kerakli tomonga siljitamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalkulyator uchun oyna o\u2019lchamlarini belgilab oldik. Endi navbatdagi amallardan biri dastur sarlavha satrini sozlaymiz. Buning uchun Obyektlar inspektoridan Form1 ning Caption xususiyatini Form1 dan \u201cKalkulyator\u201d so\u2019ziga almashtiramiz. Bu ishni formani yuklanish hodisasi bilan ham amalga oshirish mumkin, buning uchun ilova oynasi Form1 ustida sichqoncha chap tugmasini ikki marta bosilsa dastur kodi oynasi ochiladi. Shu oynaga Form1.Caption:=’Kalkulyator’; iborasini yozamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n

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         Endigi navbat barcha dasturlarda bo\u2019lgani kabi uning yorlig\u2019ini o\u2019rnatamiz. Yorliq ico formatidagi kichik rasmcha bo\u2019lib dasturni tanib olish uchun foydalaniladi. Standart holatda Delphi ilovalar uchun  yorliqni taklif etadi. Uni o\u2019zgartirish uchun yana Form1 xususiyatlaridan icon xususiyatini tanlaymiz natijada ico faylini yuklash oynachasi ochiladi va undan kerakli yorliqni tanlab Ok tugmasini bosib chiqib ketamiz (2-rasm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Dastur sarlavhalar satri o\u2019ng tomonida oynani boshqarish tugmalari mavjud bo\u2019lib ulardan \u2018Kalkulyator\u2019 dasturi uchun oyna o\u2019lchamini tanlash tugmasi shart emas. Shuning uchun yana Form1 xususiyatlariga murojaat qilamiz. Ular ichidan BorderIcons bo\u2019limi ichidan biMaximize xususiyatini False ga, BorderStyle xususiyatini esa bsSingle ga o\u2019zgartiramiz.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Kalkulyator dastruri oynasi tayyor bo\u2019lsi. Endi unga boshqarish tugmalari (Button) va raqamlarni ko\u2019rsatib turishi uchun yozuv oynachasi (Edit) obyektlaarini o\u2019rnatib chiqamiz. Shunda ilova oynasi ko\u2019rinishi 3-rasmdagi ko\u2019rinishga keladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Button boshqarish obyektlari Caption xususiyatlarini kerakli yozuvlarga almashtiramiz. Bu amallarni Form1 obyektining yuklanish hodisasi uchun dastur kodi sifatida yozish ham mumkin. Buning uchun Button1.Caption:=\u20191\u2019; Button1.Caption:=\u20192\u2019  kabi yozuvlarni kiritib chiqish kerak bo\u2019ladi. Kalkulyatorning hisob-kitob ishlarini aks ettirish uchun mo\u2019ljallangan oynachasi Edit1 uchun ham bazi o\u2019zgartirishlarni amalga oshiramiz. Ya\u2019ni avval undagi Edit1 yozuvini olib tashlaymiz. Buning uchun Edit1 obyekti xususiyatlari ichidan Text xususiyati qiymati (Edit1)ni o\u2019chirib tashlaymiz. Edit1 obyekti o\u2019lchami biz istagan holatda qolishini ta\u2019minlash uchun AutoSize xususiyati qiymatini False ga almashtiramiz. (Yozuv yo\u2019nalishini ham o\u2019ng tomondan to\u2019ldirib kelish uchun).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Shu amallarni bajargach Kalkulyator dasturi interfeysi tayyor bo\u2019ldi deb hisoblash mumkin, lekin uni yana ham ko\u2019rkamroq qilish uchun (zamonaviy uslub berish uchun) Delphi 7 ni yana bir imkoniyati XPManifest dan foydalanamiz. XPManifest obyekti Delphi obyektlari to\u2019plamining Win32 bo\u2019limida joylashtirilgan. Uni sichqoncha bilan tanlab loyiha oynasining istalgan joyiga o\u2019rnatamiz. Bunday deyilishiga sabab ilova dastur ishga tushirilganda XPManifest ko\u2019rinmas holatga o\u2019tadi. (Eslatma zamonaviy uslub faqat ilova dastur ishlaganda ko\u2019rinadi!)<\/p>\n\n\n

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Dastur asosini yaratish.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Dastur interfeysi bilan bog\u2019liq kerakli amallar deyarli bajarib bo\u2019lindi. Endi undagi tugmachalr o\u2019z vazifasini bajarishi uchun, ya\u2019ni kalkukyator ishlashi uchun tugmachalarni click hodisasi uchun kod matnlarini yozamiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Dastlab 1, 2, 3,.., 9 tugmachalr uchun quyidagilarni kiritamiz:<\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button4Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’1′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button5Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’2′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button6Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’3′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button9Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’4′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button10Click(Sender: TObject); <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’5′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button11Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’6′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button14Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’7′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button15Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’8′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button16Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’9′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=edit1.Text+’0′<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Yuqoridagilarni yozib bo\u2019lgach, arifmetik amallar bajarish uchun mo\u2019ljallangan tugmalar uchun kod matnlarini kiritamiz. Bu yerda e\u2019tiborga loyiq bir muammo bor. Arifmetik amal tugmalari bosilganida kalkulyatorning sonlarni kiritish uchun mo\u2019ljallangan maydoni keying qiymatni kiritish uchun tozalanishi kerak. Demak avvali kiriritlgan qiymat qayerdadir saqlanib turishi kerak. Buning uchun dastur boshida Turbo Paskal dagi kabi \u2018vXotira\u2019 va \u2018bAma\u2019l <\/em>nomli o\u2019zgaruvchi e\u2019lon qilib olamiz. Arifmetik amal tugmalaridan biri bosilganda sonlar kiritish maydoni (Edit1)dagi qiymat StrToInt<\/em> funksiyasi yordamida satrli ko\u2019rinishdan sonli qiymatga aylantirilib vXotira<\/em> o\u2019zlashtiriladi. Chunki Edit1 obyekti faqat satrli ma\u2019lumotlarni qaytaradi. Qanday amal bajarilganligini aniqlashtirish uchun esa bAmal <\/em>o\u2019zgaruvchisigadasturda belgilangan amal tartibi o\u2019zlashtiriladi. Tugmalarning bosilish hodisasi uchun yozilgan kod satridan faqat qzil rangli qismini ko\u2019chiring, qolgan qismini Delphi o\u2019zi yozadi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qo\u2019shish amali uchun:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vXotira:=strToInt(edit1.Text);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bAmal:=1;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text:=»;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayrish amali ucun:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button7Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vXotira:=strToInt(edit1.Text);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bAmal:=2;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text:=»;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko’paytirish amali uchun<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button12Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vXotira:=strToInt(edit1.Text);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bAmal:=3;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text:=»;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bo\u2019lish amali uchun:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

procedure TForm1.Button17Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

vXotira:=strToInt(edit1.Text);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

bAmal:=4;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text:=»;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

         Amallarni bajarishni boshqarish uchun tashkil etilgan dastur kodlari kiritilgach, keyingi qadam arifmetik amallarni bajarilishini tashkil etishdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buning uchun \u2018=\u2019  tugamasi quyidagi ma\u2019lumotlar kiritiladi:<\/p>\n\n\n

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procedure TForm1.Button8Click(Sender: TObject);<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

begin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

if bamal=1 then<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=IntToStr(vXotira + StrToInt(edit1.Text ));<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

if bamal=2 then<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=IntToStr(vXotira – StrToInt(edit1.Text ));<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

if bamal=3 then<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=IntToStr(vXotira * StrToInt(edit1.Text ));<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

if bamal=4 then<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

edit1.Text :=FloatToStr(vXotira \/ StrToFloat(edit1.Text ));<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

end;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

  Ushbu qo\u2019llanmani o\u2019rganib chiqqan bo\u2019lsangiz, o\u2019ylaymanki yuqorida keltirilgan ma\u2019lumotlarga asosan rasmda ko\u2019rsatilgan qolgan tugmachalar uchun ham kerkli buyruq va ko\u2019rsatmalarni kiritib dasturni yakunlay olasiz!  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

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