{"id":44,"date":"2023-06-28T06:27:23","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T06:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dars-ishlanma.uz\/?p=44"},"modified":"2024-06-25T09:21:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T04:21:29","slug":"hujjatlarning-asosiy-parametrlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dars-ishlanma.uz\/ru\/hujjatlarning-asosiy-parametrlari\/","title":{"rendered":"HUJJATLARNING ASOSIY PARAMETRLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dars maqsadi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Ta\u2019limiy: O\u2019quvchilarga hujjatlarning asosiy parametrlari mavzusini o\u2019rgatish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Tarbiyaviy: O\u2019quvchilarni vatanga sodiq va fidoiy qilib tarbiyalash, milliy va umummadaniy qadriyatlarimiz asosida tarbiyalash;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Rivojlantiruvchi: O\u2019quvchilarda hujjatlarning asosiy parametrlari mavzusi bo\u2019yicha bilim, ko\u2019nikma, malaka va kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Dars uchun umumiy kompetensiya:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Axborotlar bilan ishlash;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. O\u2019z-o\u2019zini rivojlantirish;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Milliy va umummadaniy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Matematik savodxonlik.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Fanga oid kompetensiya: O\u2019quvchilarda hujjatlarning asosiy parametrlari mavzusi yuzasidan ko\u2019nikmalari rivojlangan. Ixtiyoriy kompyuterda hujjatlar tayyorlay oladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Darsning borishi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tashkiliy qism:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Salomlashish:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Davomatni aniqlash:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Siyosiy daqiqa (Bugungi kun axborot va texnologiya yangiliklari)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Yangi mavzu bayoni:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Word matn protsessorida ish boshlaganda avval hujjatning ko\u2018rinishini ko\u2018z oldimizga keltirishimiz kerak. Chunki, hujjatning ko\u2018rinishiga qarab qog\u2018oz o\u2018lchami, sahifa yo\u2018nalishi, satrlar orasidagi masofa avvaldan belgilab olinadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kalit so\u2018zlar<\/em>: sahifa parametrlari, shrift parametrlari, abzas parametrlari.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      HUJJAT PARAMETRLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Biz hayotimizda turli-tuman hujjatlarga duch kelamiz. Masalan, tug\u2018ilganlik haqida guvohnoma, tibbiy varaqa, tibbiy yoki o\u2018qishdan olingan ma\u2019lumotnomalar, o\u2018quvchi tabeli va hokazo. Ular bir-biridan faqat mazmuni bilan emas, balki boshqa jihatlari bilan, jumladan hujjatlarning o\u2018lchamida ham farq qiladi. Turli hujjatlar turli o\u2018lchamdagi qog\u2018ozga yozilganini ko\u2018p kuzatgansiz. Bundan tashqari, matn yozilganda sahifaning chap, o\u2018ng, yuqori va pastki qismidan turlicha masofa qoldiriladi. Turli hujjatlarda satrlar orasidagi masofa ham har xil bo\u2018lishi mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hujjatlarda bu kabi cheklanishlar juda ko\u2018p uchraydi. Matn protsessorlarida tayyorlanayotgan hujjatning turiga qarab sahifa parametrlari<\/strong> va matn parametrlari<\/strong> (shrift, abzas)<\/strong> belgilab olinadi. Ular hujjat parametrlari<\/strong> (xususiyatlari) deb yuritiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      SAHIFA PARAMETRLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hujjatning sahifa parametrlari, asosan, hujjatni chop etish maqsadlaridan kelib chiqib tanlanadi. Sahifa parametrlarini tanlashni ko\u2018rinishi quyida aks ettirilgan Sahifani belgilash (\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430  \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) tasmasi yordamida amalga oshirish qulay:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Bu tasmaning Sahifa parametrlari<\/strong> (\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b  \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) bo\u2018limidagi Hoshiyalar<\/strong> (\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f) tanlov ro\u2018yxatidan hoshiya o\u2018lchamlarini belgilash<\/em>,  Oriyentatsiya<\/strong> (\u041e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f)  tanlov ro\u2018yxatidan sahifaning<\/em> (kitob yoki albom) yo\u2018nalishini belgilash<\/em>,  O\u2018lcham <\/strong>(\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440) tanlov ro\u2018yxatidan qog\u2018oz o\u2018lchamlarini belgilash<\/em>, Ustun<\/strong> (\u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438) tanlov ro\u2018yxatidan sahifadagi ustunlar sonini belgilash<\/em> mumkin:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Agar sahifaning to\u2018liq parametrlarini qarab chiqish zarur bo\u2018lsa, u holda  Sahifa parametrlari<\/strong> (\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b  \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) muloqot oynasi ochiladi. Bu muloqot oynasi Sahifani belgilash<\/strong> tasmasining Sahifa parametrlari<\/strong> mantiqiy guruhidagi tugmasi yordamida ochiladi. Muloqot oynasining qatlamlaridan tanlangan parametrlar kuchga kirishi uchun muloqot oynasidagi \u00abOK\u00bb<\/strong> tugmasi (sichqoncha yordamida) tanlanadi yoki Enter klavishi bosiladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Hoshiya kengligini gorizontal va vertikal chizg\u2018ich yordamida o\u2018zgartirish imkoniyati ham bor. Chizg\u2018ichlar esa Ko\u2018rinish<\/strong> (\u0412\u0438\u0434) tasmasining Aks ettirish<\/strong> (\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c) mantiqiy guruhidan Chizg\u2018ich<\/strong> (\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430) obyekti tanlangach aks etadi.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Sahifani yanada chiroyli va qiziqarli ko\u2018rsatish uchun sahifa foni rangi va chegaralari o\u2018zgartirilishi mumkin. Buning uchun Sahifani belgilash<\/strong> (\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) tasmasining Sahifa foni<\/strong> (\u0424\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) bo\u2018limidagi Sahifa rangi<\/strong> (\u0426\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b) va Sahifalar chegaralari<\/strong> (\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446) imkoniyatlaridan foydalaniladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      MS Wordda sahifa foniga sidirg\u2018a rang<\/strong> tanlash yoki quyidagi kabi turli Bo\u2018yash usullari<\/strong> (\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438) qo\u2018llanishi mumkin:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Sahifa chegarasi uchun ham turli imkoniyatlar mavjud bo\u2018lib, odatda, har xil turdagi, rangdagi va qalinlikdagi chiziqlar yoki rasmlardan foydalaniladi:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      SHRIFT  PARAMETRLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Shrift parametrlarining Shrift turi, o\u2018lchami va yozuv shakli bilan avvalroq tanishdik. Shrift parametrlarini tanlashning ba\u2019zi imkoniyatlari Bosh<\/strong> (\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f) tasmasining Shrift<\/strong> (\u0428\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442) mantiqiy guruhida jamlangan:<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      ABZAS PARAMETRLARI<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Abzas parametrlarini tanlashning ba\u2019zi imkoniyatlari Bosh<\/strong> (\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f) tasmasining Abzas<\/strong> (\u0410\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0446) mantiqiy guruhida jamlangan. Bu guruh tugmalari yordamida (1) abzas tekislanish usuli (chapdan, o\u2018rtadan, o\u2018ngdan, sahifa kengligi bo\u2018yicha), (2) abzas satrlari oralig\u2018i (bir, bir yarim, ikki, minimum, aniq, ko\u2018proq), (3) abzas foni, (4) abzas chegarasi, abzasni (5) markerlash yoki (6) tartiblash yoki (7) tabaqalashtirish, abzas (8) chekinishini kamaytirish yoki (9) oshirish, belgilangan (10) matnni<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (abzaslar to\u2018plamini) tartiblash, (11) formatlashdagi ko\u2018rinmas belgilarni aks ettirish mumkin.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      Abzas chekinishi va bosh satr chekinishini Gorizontal chizg\u2018ich ko\u2018rsatkichlaridan foydalanib o\u2018rnatish qulay. Buning uchun gorizontal chizg\u2018ichdagi chekinish ko\u2018rsatkichlari sichqoncha yordamida kerakli yo\u2018nalishda suriladi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Yangi mavzuni mustaxkamlash:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. Rasmiy hujjatlarga misollar keltiring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. Hujjat va matn parametrlarini izohlang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Sahifa yo\u2018nalishini o\u2018zgartirishni amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Hoshiyani belgilash usullarini amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      5. Sahifa fonining ikki turini tanlashni amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      6. Sahifa chegarasining ikki turini tanlashni amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      7. Abzas chekinishini belgilash usullarini amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      8. Sizning kompyuteringizda qanday shrift turlari bor?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      9. Shrift o\u2018lchamini o\u2018zgartirish usullarini amalda ko\u2018rsating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      10. Birinchi harf qizil rangda yozilgan bo\u2018lsa, so\u2018zning keyingi har\ufb02 ari qanday rangda aks etadi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      11. Satrlar orasidagi masofa qanday o\u2018zgartiriladi?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Uyga vazifa:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. \u00abTarjimayi hol2\u00bb nomli hujjatda sahifa foni rangini, chegara chiziqlarini, gaplarning o\u2018lchamlarini, ranglarini, so\u2018zlarning shakllarini, abzaslarning tekislanish usuli va chekinishlarini o\u2018zgartiring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. \u00abMening oilam\u00bb nomli hujjatda sahifa parametrlaridan albom sahifasini tanlab, shriftning turli rang va o\u2018lchamlaridan foydalaning. Har bir abzas uchun turli satrlar oralig\u2018i va abzas chekinishini tanlang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. Yangi hujjat ochib quyidagi ko\u2018rinishdagi matnlarni hosil qiling va \u00abVatanim\u00bb nomi bilan saqlang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. Daftaringizga \u00abMening do\u2018stlarim\u00bb nomli besh abzasli matn yozing. Matn yozishdan avval har bir abzasda yoritiladigan mazmun haqida reja tuzing. Tuzgan rejangiz ham daftaringizda aks etsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n

      <\/div>\n